Resumo

The Enterobacteriaceae family is the most heterogeneous group of gram-negative bacteria, being classified into 47 genus and 185 species, the most are found in the gastrointestinal tract of humans and these pathogens are considered of great importance to cause gastrointestinal infections such as diarrhea, which is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and is the second leading cause of death in children under five years old. The objective of this study was to identify the species of Enterobacteriaceae isolated from children with gastroenteritis in Porto Velho / RO. For this, we collected fecal samples from children 0-6 years old with acute gastroenteritis, admitted to Hospital Infantil Cosme and Damião in the period February 2010 to February 2012. For bacterial isolation, samples were spread in MacCkonkey Agar, Salmonella Shigella Agar, Tryptone Soy, Xylose-Lysine desoxycholate and Hektoen and subsequently subjected to biochemical tests for bacteria identification. During the study period were collected 593 fecal samples being collected 2.609 isolates, 2.583 of these were identified by biochemical tests and 26 isolates were not identified. Of the bacteria isolated were identified 113 species of Enterobacteriaceae, distributed in 38 genus. The species isolated with the highest frequency were: Escherichia coli in 1.625 (62.3%) isolates, Leclercia adecarboxilata with 68 (2.6%), Klebsiella pneumoniae 53 (2%), Klebsiella ozaenae 47 (1.8%), Enterobacter aerogenes 45 (1.7%), Klebsiella spp. 40 (1.5%), Salmonella gallinarum 29 (1.1%), Hafnia alvei 28 (1.07%), Yersinia spp. 27 (1.03%), Ewingella americana 26 (0.99%) and Serratia odorifera 21 (0.80%). The genera most frequently were Escherichia 1.659 (63.6%), Klebsiella 169 (6.5%), Enterobacter 116 (4.4%), Salmonella 76 (2.9%), Serratia 75 (2.87% ), Yersinia 71 (2.7%), Leclercia 68 (2.6%), Hafnia 66 (2.5%), Ewingella 26 (0.9%), Pantoea 21 (0.8%) and Shigella 18 (0.7%). The results obtained in this study agrees with the literature, except for the Leclercia adecarboxilata which is not frequently isolated. These results are an important epidemiological tool to determine the strains of Enterobacteriaceae circulating in Porto Velho / RO and monitoring of cases of childhood diarrhea.