Resumo

Ganoderma lucidum (Fr.) Karst (Polyporaceae) is a species of basidiomycetes that contain therapeutic properties. The purposes has been for determinate the bioactive constituents with medicinal properties as polysaccharides, terpenoids and phenolic compounds. As polysaccharides that have been characterized beta-glucans and protein bound in structure for antitumour, hepatoprotective or antiinflamatory. Phenolic compounds have action as antimicrobial activities, antioxidants and terpenoids act in cytotoxicity or antiviral. The aim of the study was to investigate the principal components presented in ten samples of mushrooms from Brazil, in two types of extracts, because humans can be used for drink. For compared make analyzes as: quantity of proteins, phenols, beta-glucan, lectures in spectrophotometer UV/light 240-650nm and thin layer chromatography. For this, fruiting bodies dried were received from producers and Embrapa (Brazil), ground into powder and separated for extraction. For alcohol extract, 10g were percolated with 50mL alcohol 70% (Galc) for one week and then kept in bottles. For water extract, 300g of powder was macerated with 1L water for 30min in refrigerator and after kept at 60C for one hour, filtered, kept in bottles denominate Gwater. Another solution was mixture water supplemented with 20% of alcohol extract (Gwater-alc) and analyzed. Results demonstrated that fungi when extract with water (Gwater) presented beta-glucan (140.4mg) and free sugar (679.6mg) but in alcohol extract (Galc) is observed only free sugar (870mg). Protein was present in higher concentration (0.75-0.80mg) in Gwater and Gwater-alc but in Galc the concentration is decreased (0.12mg). However, for phenols, Galc presented higher concentration (0.32mg) when compared with Gwater (0.11mg). The three types of extract in spectrophotometer graphic presented the same aspect but a peak in 322nm was correspondent to ferulic acid observed in thin layer chromatography (Rf= 0.948). Another peaks was also observed that can be correspondent a phenolic compounds (flavonoids, coumarins, terpenoids). In conclusion, ganoderma extract can be made with water (60C) or supplemented with alcohol (as preservative and more phenols-antioxidants) that presented all bioactive constituents important to act as medicinal. New studies are necessary for a better characterization of its structure.